Reactions
Dehydration Synthesis
-Builds more complex molecules -Requires energy -Water is a product Example: Glycogen from glucose in pancreas |
Hydrolysis
-Breaking down molecules -Energy is released -Water is required Example: Starch being consumed then broken down into glucose |
Carbohydrates
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/1527640.gif?306)
Carbs are known as sugar and starches.
Made up of: C,H,O
Empirical formula: CH2O
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Main function: Energy
Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Ribose, Deoxyribose,
Made up of: C,H,O
Empirical formula: CH2O
Monomer: Monosaccharide
Main function: Energy
Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Ribose, Deoxyribose,
Lipids
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/5973585.jpg?229)
Lipids or neutral fats are the make up of butter and oils.
Made up of: C,H,O
Function: Energy storage, cushioning (adipose fat) and protections.
Not a polymer, consists of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Phospholipids: structure of all membranes in cells, consists of 2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, and 1 phosphate.
Steroids: function as hormones.
Examples:Vegetable oil, butter, testosterone.
Made up of: C,H,O
Function: Energy storage, cushioning (adipose fat) and protections.
Not a polymer, consists of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
Phospholipids: structure of all membranes in cells, consists of 2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, and 1 phosphate.
Steroids: function as hormones.
Examples:Vegetable oil, butter, testosterone.
Saturated Fats
-Only single bonds C-C -Maximum # of hydrogen -Solid at room Example: Butter |
Unsaturated Fats
-At least double bond C=C -Fewer H ions -Liquid at room temperature Example: Oil |
Proteins
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/5195123.jpg)
Proteins are the molecular structure of nuts, fish and other meats.
Made up of: C,H,O,N
Monomer: Amino Acid
Function: Structural and mainly how proteins work as enzymes.
Structure: Primary- chain of amino acids (ribosomes). Secondary- alpha helix, or beta pleated sheets (golgi body). Tertiery- 3-D shape, folded helix and sheets (golgi). Quaternary- (optional) 2 proteins added together, double helix.
Made up of: C,H,O,N
Monomer: Amino Acid
Function: Structural and mainly how proteins work as enzymes.
Structure: Primary- chain of amino acids (ribosomes). Secondary- alpha helix, or beta pleated sheets (golgi body). Tertiery- 3-D shape, folded helix and sheets (golgi). Quaternary- (optional) 2 proteins added together, double helix.
Nucleic Acids
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/1318731.jpg)
Nucleic acids are found in any food that used to be living, meat, vegetables and fruit.
Made up of: C,H,O,N,P
Function: information molecules and energy (ATP)
Monomer: Nucleotide
Examples: DNA, RNA
Made up of: C,H,O,N,P
Function: information molecules and energy (ATP)
Monomer: Nucleotide
Examples: DNA, RNA
Sickle Cell Anemia
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/3749571.jpg?157)
Sickle Cell Anemia is the dysfunction of the hemoglobin which transports oxygen. A mutation in DNA causes the red blood cells to shape incorrectly which effects the function.
Denaturation: The change in the structure of a protein; conditions such a temperature, pH, salinity, and environmental factors can cause denaturation. Not genetic.
Denaturation: The change in the structure of a protein; conditions such a temperature, pH, salinity, and environmental factors can cause denaturation. Not genetic.