Enzymes
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All enzymes are proteins, and are specific to the reaction they catalyse. All reactions in the human body require a catalyst. Changing shape changes function.
Denaturation- Protein 3-D shape destroyed, can be caused by heat, pH or chemicals. Temperature increase, increases rate, too much heat will denature enzyme. pH changes enzymes shape depending on where it works (intestine, stomach). Heavy metal ions disrupt protein structure. Competitive Inhibitors- interferes with active site so substrate cannot bind.
Name normally ends with ASE or IN
Example: lipase, pepsin
Denaturation- Protein 3-D shape destroyed, can be caused by heat, pH or chemicals. Temperature increase, increases rate, too much heat will denature enzyme. pH changes enzymes shape depending on where it works (intestine, stomach). Heavy metal ions disrupt protein structure. Competitive Inhibitors- interferes with active site so substrate cannot bind.
Name normally ends with ASE or IN
Example: lipase, pepsin
Metabolism
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/8781284.jpg?353)
Metabolism- Sum of all reaction that occur in the body. Enzymes regulate pathways by controlling whether they happen or not.
Metabolic Reaction-
1.Needs help to occur
2. Comes in form of enzymes
3. Speeds up rate of reaction
4.Lower activation energy
Examples:
Glycogen -> glucose -> ATP
Thyroxin- (requires iodine) hormone that targets thyroid gland, which controls the rate of internal reaction. Hyperthyroidism- Too much Thyroxin. Hypothyroidism- Too little Thyroxin.
Metabolic Reaction-
1.Needs help to occur
2. Comes in form of enzymes
3. Speeds up rate of reaction
4.Lower activation energy
Examples:
Glycogen -> glucose -> ATP
Thyroxin- (requires iodine) hormone that targets thyroid gland, which controls the rate of internal reaction. Hyperthyroidism- Too much Thyroxin. Hypothyroidism- Too little Thyroxin.
Lock and Key Model
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/5/23859838/4221166.jpg?297)
Enzymes have a specific functions so the substrate needs to match for the reaction to occur and bonds to be broken.
Substrate- Material being broken down
Coenzyme- (vitamins) used for function of enzyme "lock and key"process
Substrate- Material being broken down
Coenzyme- (vitamins) used for function of enzyme "lock and key"process