Structure + Function
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Nasal Cavity- Trap particles with use of hair to filter.
Pharynx- Dual passage for air and food, divides into trachea and esophagus.
Trachea- Covered by epiglottis so food doesn't enter lungs, passage of air held by cartilage, cilated cells produce mucous to trap debris.
Larynx- Voice box/ vocal cords.
Bronchi- Trachea divides into two bronchi. Contain mucus + cilia.
Bronchioles- Inside lung bronchi divide into bronchioles. Have mucus/cilia.
Alveoli- Gas exchange, over 300 million, made of single layer cell, surrounded by capillary.
Diaphragm- muscle separating thoarx from abdomen.
Pleural Membrane- seats off the thoracic cavity, reduces abrasion.
Pharynx- Dual passage for air and food, divides into trachea and esophagus.
Trachea- Covered by epiglottis so food doesn't enter lungs, passage of air held by cartilage, cilated cells produce mucous to trap debris.
Larynx- Voice box/ vocal cords.
Bronchi- Trachea divides into two bronchi. Contain mucus + cilia.
Bronchioles- Inside lung bronchi divide into bronchioles. Have mucus/cilia.
Alveoli- Gas exchange, over 300 million, made of single layer cell, surrounded by capillary.
Diaphragm- muscle separating thoarx from abdomen.
Pleural Membrane- seats off the thoracic cavity, reduces abrasion.
Breathing + Alveoli
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CO2 diffuses from blood to alveoli O2 molecules diffuse from alveoli attach to red blood cells. The blood is carried by the circulatory system to all cells. O2 to cells CO2 to blood and then carried back to the lungs and carbon dioxide leaves your body when exhaled.
Inhalation- (Active) process of getting air into lungs that is needed for cellular respiration. Once the intercostal muscles contract the ribs move upwards, the diaphragm contracts, flatting and the chest cavity is larger so air rushes in, fills up lungs until the medulla stops inhalation at certain volume necessary.
Exhalation- (Passive) process opposite of inhalation when you exhale. The chest cavity gets smaller, forcing air out.
Medulla Oblongata- Medulla oblongata regulates breathing by H+ and CO2 levels in blood which are the primary trigger. Blood stream signals the diaphragm's intercostal muscles which pace for contraction. O2 levels in arotid artery and aortic arch are the secondary trigger.
Inhalation- (Active) process of getting air into lungs that is needed for cellular respiration. Once the intercostal muscles contract the ribs move upwards, the diaphragm contracts, flatting and the chest cavity is larger so air rushes in, fills up lungs until the medulla stops inhalation at certain volume necessary.
Exhalation- (Passive) process opposite of inhalation when you exhale. The chest cavity gets smaller, forcing air out.
Medulla Oblongata- Medulla oblongata regulates breathing by H+ and CO2 levels in blood which are the primary trigger. Blood stream signals the diaphragm's intercostal muscles which pace for contraction. O2 levels in arotid artery and aortic arch are the secondary trigger.
Hemoglobin
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1. Oxyhemoglobin- oxygen and hemoglobin.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin- carbon dioxide and hemoglobin.
3. Reduced Hemoglobin- hydrogen ion with hemoglobin
2. Carbaminohemoglobin- carbon dioxide and hemoglobin.
3. Reduced Hemoglobin- hydrogen ion with hemoglobin
Diseases
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Pneumonia- inflammation of lungs usually caused by bacteria
Bronchitis- inflammation of bronchi caused by bacteria, dust or dirt not filtered by the hair
Asthma- dust and dirt in the air can cause some people irritation of bronchiole walls causing difficulty breathing
Emphysema- disease occurs when walls of alveoli become less flexible causing gas exchange to be difficult
Bronchitis- inflammation of bronchi caused by bacteria, dust or dirt not filtered by the hair
Asthma- dust and dirt in the air can cause some people irritation of bronchiole walls causing difficulty breathing
Emphysema- disease occurs when walls of alveoli become less flexible causing gas exchange to be difficult